what is the major influence of Byzantine and Islamic culture on Western Civilization?
Byzantine was the last outpost of the roman empire – the biggest influence the council of Niceaa which later led to the split of the catholic and orthodox churches and it upheld roman traditions including law (which is partially unchanged in european law systems) it was an important staging point for crusades (until sacked by a crusade 1204) was last line of defence when people of the east moved in (Vandals mongols Visigoths etc) Islamic: after ousting bycantine in 1453 bordered to western europe and conquered quite a bit soon (Greece,Bulgaria , Rumania ,Serbia and parts of Hungary) Biggest influence in arts and medicine (Alhambra in Grenada) – the best medical university of the time was in Bagdad, mathematics (introduction of the zero) take a pick hope that helped
