What is the difference beween the four types of human immunity?
Active immunity is when an individual makes specific antibodies themselves in response to encounter with a ‘foreign’ antigen. 1. Natural active immunity is producing specific antibodies during infection by a virus/bacterium and memory cells remaining in the bloodstream after recovery to give a faster secondary response if the same antigen is encountered again, making the individual immune to that pathogen. 2. Artificial active immunity is when an individual is given an injection of a small dose of weakened pathogen to stimulate their immune system to produce specific antibodies against that infection. The pathogen has attenuated DNA so that it cannot replicate but the surface antigens remain intact to stimulate antibody production. Passive immunity is where an individual receives ready made antibodies produced in another animal/human. 3. Natural passive immunity is where antibodies are received from the mother, either across the placenta during pregnancy or in breastmilk, particularly
