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What is the difference between the theoretical pI and the observed pI?

April 26, 2017difference Pi theoretical

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What is the difference between the theoretical pI and the observed pI?

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The theoretical pI is normally calculated from the amino acid sequence of the mature protein. The observed pI differs due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) including phosphorylation and sialylation. For example, the theoretical pI of IL-10 is approximately 7.9. When a phosphate group is added to a serine or threonine residue, the theoretical pI changes to 7.1.