What is the difference between direct flash and bounce flash?
Direct flash is an electronic flash aimed directly at the subject, either on camera or off camera. This lighting tends to produce deep shadows and is not typically a flattering light. Bounce flash angles a flash at a wall or ceiling in order to diffuse the light and soften the effect of the flash. Special bounce attachments can be purchased to produce the same diffused lighting effect. When bouncing a flash off a wall or ceiling use only white surfaces or the picture will have a color cast.