What is the difference between direct and indirect measurements?
Direct measures assess student performance of identified learning outcomes, such as mastery of a lifelong skill. They require standards of performance. Examples of direct assessments are: pre/post test; course-embedded questions; standardized exams; portfolio evaluation; videotape/audiotape of performance; capstone course evaluation. Indirect measures assess opinions or thoughts about student knowledge, skills, attitudes, learning experiences, and perceptions. Examples of indirect measures are: student surveys about instruction; focus groups; alumni surveys; employer surveys.
