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What is the difference between dBd and dBi ?

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What is the difference between dBd and dBi ?

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dBi refers to an isotropic, i.e. entirely theoretical point in space that is the source of the radio signal, dBd refers to the output of a half-wavelength long dipole which is the normal size of the basic dipole, the building block of more sophisticated antennas. The half-wave dipole (dBd) has a gain of 2.15 dB over the isotropic source (dBi) . In our industry gain figures are traditionally expressed as dBd for the VHF and UHF frequency bands, however in the Cellular radio markets and all higher frequency bands, dBi is almost universally used.

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