What is the difference between bolt tension and bolt torque?
Torque is the amount of force required to turn a bolt and is a rotational force commonly measured in foot-pounds or Newton-meters. Torque measurement is affected by friction factors which may vary significantly. Tension is the longitudinal force on the bolt and is measured in pounds-force (lbf) or kilograms-force. Tension is the actual clamp force on the bolted joint and is not affected by friction factors.
