What is the core of Mac OS X based on?
The core of Mac OS X is called Darwin, a separate open source operating system project at Apple. The Darwin/Mac OS X kernel is based on a heavily modified and enhanced version of Carnegie Mellon University’s Mach 3.0 that supports SMP, and the BSD portion is derived from FreeBSD from the FreeBSD Project and is based on 4.4BSD-Lite2 from the University of California at Berkeley. For an excellent overview of Mac OS X’s UNIX aspects and its differences from other UNIX operating systems, consider O’Reilly’s Mac OS X for UNIX Geeks.