What is the basis of environmental policy in New Zealand and which agencies/bodies administer and enforce environmental law?
Laws regulating natural resource planning, management, and development previously evolved independently (for example: mining and energy law; water law; town and country planning law; and to some extent agriculture, forestry and fisheries law). New Zealand adopted a more coordinated approach with the passing of the Resource Management Act 1991 (“RMA”), which incorporated into one statute “the law relating to the use of land, air, and water”. The RMA repealed the majority of environmental related statutes bringing nearly all natural resources and planning documents under a single statutory umbrella. The RMA’s purpose is “to promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources”. The term “natural and physical resources” is expansively defined in the RMA. Following implementation of the RMA, a significant number of other statutes have been enacted with related environmental purposes which complement the purpose of sustainable management or require a sustainable development
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