What Is the Basis of a Truly Free Society?
Political theorists have argued for centuries about the question, “What is the basis of a rational, just, and free society?” Modern political science seeks empirical, quantitative evidence to help find the answers. Many political scientists and political sociologists say that there is a gulf between fact and value, between modern quantitative, empirical political science and old, value-laden political theory. They say that modern political sociology does not deal with questions concerning intangibles like rationality, justice, or freedom, but with things that can be observed and measured. Now a fundamental thrust of Marx’s criticism of idealism was that he wished to move from abstract arguments to analyses which were rooted in what people were actually doing in the real world. But one cannot sidestep theoretical disagreements by sticking to raw facts. People who think that they are avoiding all political theory are usually operating within the framework of a political theory which they
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