What is the accepted term in philosophy for claiming that something is value-laden?
There can’t be a single term because you’re talking about two different things. If something is “value-laden” it is, by definition, valuable…although there are different schools of thought concerning what makes something valuable. If you’re referring to the word that says that value resides within certain objects or ideals independently of a valuer, and it’s simply our duty to recognize that fact, the word “intrinsicism” is commonly used. All claims are presented as objectively true. Subjective claims are not intentionally included in philosophy. If a claim is discovered to be subjective, it’s usually revealed to be as such and dismissed rather out-of-hand, just as it should be. Truth is never tied to opinion.
So far as I’m aware, there isn’t one. The term you use depends on the value you are ascribing, so a catch-all term wouldn’t do much good. Also nobody in modern philosophy would present anything as having ‘objective value’ in the metaphysical sense. Philosophers talk about ‘intrinsic value’ more often, but really even that’s restricted to ethics and aesthetics. You can’t separate value from subjective viewpoints, because no values exist in the world in the same way that, say, tables and chairs do. Values all belong to context-heavy, mind-dependent spheres like art an politics.
