What Is Solubility of Sodium Carbonate in Water?
Sodium carbonate–Na₂CO₃·7H₂O–is derived from the reaction between carbonic acid and sodium hydroxide. Because carbonic acid is a weak acid and sodium hydroxide is a strong base, sodium carbonate is a basic salt. The reaction is: 2NaOH + H₂CO₃ ‘ Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O • Electropositive Sodium • Sodium metal is very electropositive. It readily gives up its outermost electron to form the ion Na⁺. Sodium thus forms ionic, not covalent, bonds. Sodium carbonate in water splits into ions. • Sodium Ions • Sodium ions have an aqueous coordination number of four. This means each sodium ion will be surrounded by four water molecules. This lessens charge density because the charge migrates across eight hydrogen atoms. • Empirical Results • Empirically, sodium carbonate’s solubility in water is 216 grams/liter of water at 20 degrees Celsius. This is the maximum amount that will dissolve. Such a solution is “saturated.” • Molarity • The chemist likes to speak in terms of molarity, which is the number of gr
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