What is routing and how is it configured?
A. When host a wants to send to host b, if they are on the same local network then the IP protocol resolves the IP address to a physical address using ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), and the physical address (e.g. 00-05-f3-43-d3-3e) of the source and destination hosts are added to the IP datagram to form a frame, and using the frame, the two hosts can communicate directly with each other. If the 2 hosts are not on the same local network, then they cannot communicate directly with each other, and instead have to go through a router. You have probably already come across a router when you install TCP/IP, as the default gateway is just a router that you have chosen to use as a means of communicating with hosts outside your local network if no specific route is known. A router can be a Windows NT computer with 2 or more network cards (one card for connection to each separate local network) or it can be a physical hardware device, such as Cisco routers. Assuming our two hosts are not on
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