What is lymphedema and what causes it?
Lymphedema occurs when there is abnormal accumulation of tissue proteins, edema, and chronic inflammation within an extremity. Initially, the fluid load exceeds the lymphatics’ capacity to return it to the venous circulation. This is followed by accumulation of protein and decreased immunolgic function in the extremity. Over time, there is progressive fibrosis. “Primary” lymphedema may be caused by malformation of lymphatic vessels. “Secondary” lymphedema can develop as a result of lymph node resection, fibrosis due to radiation, and traumatic injury. These factors are common among individuals treated for cancer; it is estimated that 20 to 30 percent of women who have had surgery for breast cancer develop lymphedema. What are the symptoms of lymphedema? Symptoms include swelling, ranging from slight to impressive proportions. Individuals can experience immobility of the limb, as well as pain, tightness, paresthesias, and burning. Some patients have relatively little swelling but experi
