What is Histology and Staging?
Histology are the types of cancer cells within the Wilms’ tumour. If they are favourable, it means they respond well to conventional therapy. Favorable histology (FH): This is present in 90% of cases. All 3 histological elements are present without any anaplastic features. The cure rate is close to 90%. If they are unfavourable, it means they are a more agressive cancer type and do not respond well to conventional therapy. Unfavorable histology (UH): This is present in 10% of the cases. Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney (bone-metastasizing renal tumor of childhood) and rhabdoid tumor of the kidney are now considered distinct type tumors and should not be included. Anaplasia is defined by nuclear enlargement, nuclear hyperchromasia, and abnormal mitoses. Focal anaplasia is present if less than 10% of the specimen has anaplastic features. Diffuse anaplasia is present if more than 10% of the specimen has anaplastic features. Nephrogenic rests are foci of abnormally present nephrogenic re
