What is fat embolism syndrome?
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare clinical condition when embolic fat macroglobules pass into the small vessels of the lung and other sites, leading to multisystem dysfunction. Common causes include fracture, blunt trauma, acute pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus and burns. There is usually a latent period of 24 to 72 hours between injury and onset. The onset is then sudden. Usual symptoms include chest pain, tachypnoea, even breathlessness, fever, petechial rash, headache, and any changes of consciousness. Fat embolism syndrome is a clinical diagnosis. Lab tests and images in the chest or head may be helpful. Treatments focus on respiratory support and medication such as corticosteroids. Prognosis of fat embolism syndrome varies from person to person. Mortality occurs in 5-15% of patients.
