What is considered to be fraud?
Fraud can be defined as (1) a misappropriation of the university’s assets, or (2) the manipulation of its financial data to benefit the perpetrator. It can be for the benefit and gain of an individual, or for the benefit and gain of an organization. These benefits and gains may be direct, as in receiving money or other assets, or indirect, as in receiving promotions and other benefits. Fraud includes the following five crimes: • Bribery Bribery is the receiving or offering of anything of value with the intent to influence an official in the performance of, or failure to perform, the lawful duties of that official. • Conspiracy Conspiracy entails an agreement between two or more parties to knowingly and overtly commit a crime or to achieve, illegally, an objective that itself is not unlawful. • Embezzlement Embezzlement is the unlawful conversion of entrusted property pursuant to a trust relationship. It is a breach of financial responsibility. • Extortion Extortion is the unlawful obta
