What is confounding of variables in an experiment?
Confounding occurs when or more variables other than the independent variable are permitted to vary during an experiment. What are experimenter effects and the double-blind procedure? Experimenter effects are unintentional effects on research participants’ behavior produced by researchers. Such effects can be prevented by double-blind procedures in which experimenters who have contact with research participants do not know the hypothesis or the condition to which participants have been randomly assigned. What is deception? Informed consent? Debriefing? Deception is the temporary withholding of information about a study from research participants. Informed consent involves informing participants about all procedures to be used in a study before they agree to participating in it. Debriefing involves providing participants with full explanation of all aspects of a study after participating in it. What ethical issues are raised by research with animals? Critics of such research suggest tha
