What is climate forcing and how does climate forcing relate to climatic variability and change?
Climate forcing refers to specific phenomena that directly influence changes in climatic dynamics. Forces that influence climatic change can be broken down into those beyond the Earth’s environmental system (extraterrestrial) and those that relate to internal forces (terrestrial). Extraterrestrial Solar variability (sunspots 11, 22 yrs) Obliquity (tilt on axis~41,000 yrs change) Precession (wobble on axis due to gravity of sun and moon in 23,000 yr. cycle) Eccentricity (96,000 yr. change) Terrestrial Continental Processes (105 yrs.