What is alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?
Alpha-fetoprotein is one of the many proteins found in the blood system of a pregnant woman. Every fetus produces AFP, but when the fetus has an open spinal defect the AFP often leaks into the amniotic fluid in large quantities. Ultimately, the AFP will work its way into the mother’s blood, elevating the AFP level in the mother’s blood. Fetuses with Down Syndrome often produce less AFP than expected and thus the level in the mother’s blood is generally lower as well.
