What is a Mutagen?
A mutagen is a substance which increases the frequency of mutation in a plant or animal population, which can lead to a variety of consequences. Some chemicals have mutagenic properties, and radiation such as ultraviolet light and x-rays is another common source of mutations. Because mutagens can lead to genetic mutations, some of them can contribute to the development of cancers, making these mutagens carcinogenic in addition to mutagenic. There are a number of ways in which a mutagen can work within a living organism. Most attack the DNA, affecting the organism’s genetic code. Some manage to insert themselves into the DNA directly, causing the animal to start reproducing the mutagen because it thinks that it belongs in the DNA. Others cause structural damage, leading to genetic errors which can become catastrophic as cells start replicating, and others manipulate the DNA, forcing it to produce something which is hazardous. Fetuses are particularly susceptible to mutagens because they
