What is a lumbar disc prolapse?
A disc prolapse (herniation) refers to either a rupture or bulge of an intervertebral disc. The intervertebral discs are soft structures which act as shock absorbers between each of the vertebrae (bones) in the spine. A single disc sits between each vertebra. Each intervertebral disc has a strong outer ring of fibres (‘annulus’), and a soft, jelly-like centre (nucleus). A herniated disc (also known as a “ruptured” or “slipped” disc) usually occurs when part of the disc nucleus pops out of place and bulges into the spinal canal, sometimes exerting pressure on the spinal nerves. Chemicals which incite inflammation are also released from the ruptured disc, and these also contribute to nerve irritation. Herniated discs occur most commonly in young and middle-aged adults. Around 90% of lumbar disc herniations occur at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 discs. What causes a disc prolapse? Discs often rupture suddenly as a result of excessive pressure. Bending and heavy lifting is a typical mechanism of inju
