What is a ground potential difference?
Ground potential difference (or ground voltage difference) occurs when the voltage on the grounding system at one location is different from the voltage on the grounding system at another location. This causes a current to flow. When lightning currents flow through a grounding system, voltages are formed. The voltages formed are based on the following equation: Vground = (I x R) + (L x di/dt). Vground location A does not always equal Vground location B, especially when the distance between the two points is great. With regard to surge protection, it is this phenomenon that is the most common cause of I/O port damage in unprotected equipment. For example, if a communication cable is connected between two pieces of equipment that are at a different ground potentials, the I/O ports (NICs, etc) may be damaged because the resulting current that will flow during this event will damage the I/O port. To protect equipment, a surge protector located at each port will bypass this current safely a
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