What is a genetic risk factor for a common disease and why is understanding genetic risk important in a disease such as T2D?
A genetic risk factor for a common disease is a specific version of a marker in the sequence of the genome that causes or correlates with an increased likelihood of developing a given disease. Common diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) occur at the interface of genes and the environment, as both inherited as well as lifestyle and other health risk factors play important roles in the disease process. As a result, it is important to understand what carrying an inherited risk variant for a common disease means, and how that information can be used to develop and implement disease prevention strategies that can effectively reduce the likelihood of an individual ever developing the disease.
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