What is a Fourier Transform (FT)?
The FT is a pervasive and versatile mathematical tool used in many fields of science to transform a function into one that can be more easily solved. The FT converts an object in the Real Space into an object in the Fourier Space. There are three important properties to remember about FT that are relevant to this article. These are: • Two points that are spaced close to each other in the Real Space are spaced far away from each other in the Fourier Space. Conversely, two points that are spaced far away from each other in the Real Space are spaced closer to each other in the Fourier Space. For example, if two points are 10 decimeter apart in the Real Space, then the same points are 0.1 decimeter apart in the Fourier Space and vice versa. This is the reason why the Fourier Space is commonly referred to as the Reciprocal Space since 0.1 decimeter is the reciprocal of 10 decimeter. • A series of points that have a certain direction in Real Space are rotated to a different direction in the
