What instruments are used to remove the cartilage? Where is it taken from?
It is taken by arthroscopy using biopsy forceps (biopsy specimen forceps). The cartilage is removed in the linear terminal-medial area of the trochlea, i.e. the medial boundary line / edge of the trochlea. Alternatively, it is taken from the notch region using a 4 mm cartilage-bone punch (for mosaic grafts).