What has caused the burst vein in my leg?
In the absence of any other details, history etc I can only suggest that the vein had become varicose. Veins, unlike arteries are not fed by direct pressure from the heart but rely on muscular movement to circulate the blood and a series of valves to prevent blood from pooling in the lower extremities (legs etc). When a vein becomes varicose, the valves have weakened to the point where blood will drop down past the valves and pool in the lower extremities, often causing swelling of the vein. These varicose veins are not only painful but are also prone to bursting if for example you hit your leg on something, and the bleeding will be quite profuse If you have not already done so I recommend that you seek medical treatment without delay as the bleeding can be damaging to your health, and the vein itself can be easily treated.