What functions do hair, scales and feathers serve within the animal kingdom?
Feathers and hairs appear to protect an organism from the temperature extremes of both cold and heat. Hairy ancestors of mammals and flying dinosaurs with feathers appeared for the first time about 200 million years ago. Keratin skin appendages, scales, feathers and hairs are created by the interaction of two skin layers: external ectoderm and underlying mesoderm.