What error is associated with different observers?
• The within observer variability is significantly higher than between observer differences for all levels of identification. This suggests that the best form of quality control and ongoing training may be for observers to refer to a comprehensive standard image set on a regular basis and test themselves against this. A significant percent of the errors recorded were due to edge effects caused by changes in the viewing position. As of 2002 the LTMP uses digital images where the ID point is digitally superimposed on the frame. This eliminates edge effect errors from future LTMP sampling. Table 3: From Ninio, Delean, Osborne and Sweatman (in press) Comparison of components of observer variability at 10% cover. Confidence intervals (in % cover) due to within observer (repeated samples by a single observer) and between observer (among observers over time) variability are shown.
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