What effects in history did the gatling gun have?
Not much in US history. US military’s preferred to use cannons and rifles. The gun existed, but certainly didn’t impress any US military men; Custer intentionally left his Gatling “options” behind in 1876 during the Big Horn Campaign, and if he did regret it, he probably was to occuppied at the time to think too much about it (he only lived for about an hour after the initial engagement).