What drugs are used to administer an anesthetic?
A balanced anesthetic consists of several different agents. Generally, anesthesia is induced with a short-acting intravenous anesthetic such as propofol or thiopental. These drugs have a duration of action of about five minutes. After the intravenous induction, a neuromuscular blocking agent is normally used to decrease the function of the muscles of breathing. An endotracheal tube is then placed in the trachea. Anesthesia is normally maintained with a mixture of a volatile anesthetic (administered from the anesthetic machine via the endotracheal tube) as well as nitrous oxide and oxygen. A very potent opioid such as fentanyl is commonly used, as are neuromuscular blocking agents. What are the complications of anesthesia? Minor complications include postoperative sore throat and nausea and vomiting. These are not normally very troublesome and resolve quickly. Serious complications from anesthesia are very rare. What about postoperative pain relief? Often, after spine surgery, patients
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