WHAT DOES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SPEND ON IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION?
How much does the federal government spend on the integration of immigrant families and what types of investments does it make? In this section we explore the limited set of federal programs and expenditures that are targeted to immigrant or language minority families. They constitute what we have referred to in the past as the nation’s express immigrant policy. We then briefly discuss the federal spending that takes place within the context of mainstream programs that may serve immigrants, but were not expressly created for them. (An example is the Chapter I education program for the disadvantaged. ) We also touch upon the growing role of state and local governments in providing services to immigrant families. Despite its importance, we have not tackled private foundation spending dedicated to newcomers. Federal Spending on Targeted Programs Targeted federal spending on immigrant families and the communities within which they live can be viewed as falling within two largely distinct c
