What does permanent establishment (PE) mean?
When, by any legal means, a non-resident has continuous or habitual work facilities in Spain or a place to do any kind of work where he/she/it performs all or part of his/her/its activity, or when he/she/it acts in Spain through an agent with powers to enter into an agreement in the name and on behalf of the non-resident individual or body corporate, provided said powers are exercised on a regular basis, it shall be considered that the non-resident is acting in Spain through a PE.