What do plants, animals, and microbes need from soil?
Microbes need soil for: Food. Most microbes need regular inputs of organic matter (e.g. plant residue) into the soil. Space. Larger soil organisms such as nematodes and insects need enough space to move through soil. • Air. Most soil organisms require air, though some require a lack of oxygen. They live in low-oxygen micro-sites such as within soil aggregates. Generally, soil biological activity is enhanced by an increase in soil aeration. Plants need soil for: Support of the microbiological activity necessary for plant growth. Support for, and minimum resistance to, root penetration. Intake and retention of water in soil, while maintaining adequate aeration. Exchange of soil air with the atmosphere. Resistance to erosion. Mineral and organic sources of nutrients. • In addition, farmers need adequate traction for farm implements to grow crops. Animals and people need soil for: Healthy plant growth. Availability of nutrients essential for animal health. These are absorbed by plants, but
