What do electrical stimulation mind machines do?
Transcutaneous Electrical Neural Stimulation (TENS) is sort of like “electrical accupuncture.” Small voltages are run across, for example, an aching joint, to stimulate healing and endorphin release. Cranial Electro-Stimulation (CES) is the next major step: transmitting even smaller voltages directly across your brain (via electrodes that clip onto your ear lobes), to stimulate endorphin release and produce the same kind of brain-wave entrainment as a light and sound mind machine.
