What did Europe learn from the Islamic golden age?
The achievements of the Islamic Empire later became a launching pad for Europe. Throughout the European Enlightment, a large number of works written in Arabic were translated into European languages. Hegel, the German philosopher, developed his philosophy after studying ‘Al-Muqaddimah’ (The Introduction) of Ibn-Khaldun. Hegel had a direct influence on Karl Marx. Ibn Sina’s works had a major influence on Da Vinci, and his books were used as textbooks for medical education in Europe, as late as 1700 CE. Muhammad Khwarazmi (b. Khwarazm, Uzbekistan), one of the greatest mathematicians in world history, was the founder of modern Algebra; He developed the system of numerical algorithms, which centuries later became the foundation of all software development. The name Algebra comes from his book, Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah. He introduced the Indian numerals (Arabic numerals) into Arab mathematics. His books were used as textbooks in Europe until around 1600. The word, algorithm, is a latinizatio
