What crosses make up the Union Jack?
The Union Jack is made up of the Crosses of St. George (representing England), St. Andrew (Scotland), and St. Patrick (Northern Ireland). St. George’s and St. Andrew’s were ordered amalgamated by James I for use by His Majesty’s subjects at sea in 1606, though the exact design was never fixed. St. Patrick’s, a red saltire on white, was added and the design was finally standardized in 1801. Wales is a Principality and is therefore not represented on the flag.