What constitutes the relevant range of treatments for a modeling exercise?
A range of biodiversity pathways and commercial alternatives that focus on the production of a range of structural features found to be important to habitat and economic returns are needed as the primary input to the modeling exercise. While one should not focus on a single or even just a few species, there is ample evidence that the habitat in shortest supply is best described as being characterized by old forest structures. The structures in greatest surplus are overly dense stem exclusion structures. Studies focused on commercially managed forests have generally found adequate levels of most species except those preferring old forest structures. In contrast the lack of management on federal lands and perhaps some state lands including no clearcuts or thinnings is resulting in no open areas except those that may result from natural disturbance. Disturbance patterns have however been substantially reduced by human interventions such as fire suppressions and patterns of land management
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