What climate can be expected in specific regions throughout the world?
These and many other questions will drive climate research requirements in the immediate future and for the next several decades. Designing numerical models to address these questions is the grand challenge for climate scientists working to understand climate systems of the future. It mandates that CCS-CCRI must have the capability to develop advanced climate models that can predict what climatological conditions are expected to prevail in the mid-twenty-first century and beyond. Such simulations serve as probes for discovering and quantifying climate processes and provide the understanding of climate responses to a changing atmospheric chemistry required to answer the key science question highlighted above.