What causes positive and negative charges to be separated in a battery?
A battery is a device in which chemical energy is directly converted to electrical energy.[12] It consists of one or more voltaic cells, each of which comprises two half cells connected in series by the conductive electrolyte. A battery consists of one or more voltaic cells in series. Each cell has a positive electrode (cathode), and a negative electrode (anode). These do not touch each other but are immersed in a solid or liquid electrolyte.[13] In a practical cell the materials are enclosed in a container, and a separator between the electrodes prevents them from touching one another. Each half cell has a net electromotive force (or voltage), with the net voltage of the battery being the difference between the voltages of the half-cells. The electrical potential difference across the terminals of a battery is known as its terminal voltage, measured in volts. The terminal voltage of a battery that is neither charging nor discharging is called the open-circuit voltage. The terminal vol
