What causes hot flushes and night sweats?
There are oestrogen receptor sites (hormones) in the bladder and the urethra (the outlet tube). Bladder symptoms (Chapter 29) are more common after the menopause when oestrogen levels become lower. A meta-analysis (Q33.23) of 166 research articles has proven that postmenopausal urinary incontinence, for example, may respond to oestrogen. Urgency of micturition (the need to hurry to empty the bladder), Frequency (the frequent need to empty the bladder) and nocturia (the need to empty the bladder during the night and a common cause of sleeping difficulties) may all improve with oestrogen according to most but not all research.
