What causes dystocia and how is it treated?
Uterine abnormalities contributing to the development of dystocia include the following: Uterine inertia Abnormalities associated with fetal and uterine fluids Herniation or torsion of a uterine horn Disorders of the birth canal Fetal causes Uterine inertia, failure of the uterine muscle to contract in an effective manner, can be primary or secondary. Primary uterine inertia is multifactorial, with genetic, mechanical, hormonal, and physical components. Bitches exhibiting primary inertia fail to initiate an effective labor pattern, and caesarian section is indicated. Bitches exhibiting secondary inertia fail to complete expulsion of all fetuses as a result of exhaustion of the uterine muscle. Medical management of secondary inertia can be attempted, with adequate fetal monitoring, but caesarian section may be necessary. Intravenous glucose containing solutions and oxytocin (“pit”) and calcium injections under the skin can be administered in appropriate doses. Generally, small doses of
