What causes Alzheimers?
Ans: There is a Nobel Prize in store for whoever can explain this fully. Thus far we know there is a genetic component, a slow-acting virus, and environmental factors. Each factor functions as an ‘enabling switch’, which is to say those with Alzheimer’s have the gene(s) for it, but not all with the gene will develop Alzheimer’s. Current research centers around interfering with the environmental factors, halting the production of the proteins that lead to plaques and neurofibrilary tangles, and generally protecting neurons from destruction. The most significant risk factor involved is advanced age.
The exact cause is unknown, however, there are many theories. Some of these include: decreased or altered levels of certain neurotransmitters within the brain, a blood protein known as apoE that appears to be altered, leading to nerve cell damage, the possible interaction of this protein with heavy metals such as aluminum, mercury, and other elements such as iron, zinc and calcium leading to plaque formation, as well as an imbalance of brain chemicals. A strong argument has also been made regarding free radical formation and the role of oxidative stress. It is unclear if this is a cause or just an effect of the disease, however, there is no doubt that a reduction in oxidative stress can slow progression of the disease.
