What can dependence theories tell us about assessing the emergence of tobacco dependence?
Tiffany ST; Conklin CA; Shiffman S; Clayton RR University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Stephen.Tiffany@hsc.utah.edu Little is known about the processes that underlie changes in smoking that occur between the first use of a cigarette, subsequent regular use and eventual addictive use. At present, assessments of those critical processes are poorly developed and not strongly informed by contemporary models of drug dependence. The preceding three papers in this special issue address explicitly how modern drug-dependence theories describe the emergence of drug dependence and the implications of those theories for assessment. The papers covered three domains of theories: negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and cognitive and social learning. In this paper, we summarize these reviews and extract general themes and issues that emerge across all the articles. These include: (1) the importance of learning processes; (2) limitations of self-report measures; (3)
