What are toxigenic molds and mycotoxins?
Some molds have been known to produce toxins that are harmful to animals and humans when ingested, inhaled or in contact with the skin. The molds that produce toxins are known as toxigenic molds. The earliest known toxigenic molds, primarily Claviceps purpurea, produce the substance ergot. The ergot molds infect rye, grains and other grasses. Ingestion of ergot contaminated rye or other cereals causes ergotism. There are two types of ergotism recognized clinically: gangrenous and convulsive. Gangrenous ergotism affects the extremities as well as causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Convulsive ergotism affects the nerve system causing brain and spinal lesions, which can lead to death or permanent mental impairment. Many molds in addition to ergot molds produce secondary toxic metabolites, such as alkaloids, cyclopeptides, and coumarins. Metabolites that can produce adverse health effects (mycotoxicoses) in animals and humans are collectively known as mycotoxins. The latest World Health Org
