What are the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies and toxicities?
Nitrogen (N) Deficiency Symptoms Symptoms appear first in the older leaves Leaves pale green Lower/older leaves are yellow drying out to light brown colour due to lack of chlorophyll Plants mature earlier with reduced yield Growth is stunted Toxicity Symptoms Leaves are dark green and soft Plant is bushy with restricted root system Flowering delayed Phosphorous (P) Deficiency Symptoms Symptoms appear first in older leaves Older leaves purpling sometimes bluish grey and sometimes yellowing Plants are stunted and slow growing Roots can be yellow/brown in colour Leaf curls Toxicity Symptoms Causes zinc and iron deficiency Older leaves yellowing Leaf tips become yellow/brownish followed by necrotic spots Leaf abscission develops Mature leaves appear crushed/wrinkled In extreme cases the leaf internodes will harden and bright dry spots may appear on leaves or fruit Potassium (K) Deficiency Symptoms Symptoms appear first in older leaves Necrosis (i.e. yellowing to brown spots ) of older leav
