What are the signs and symptoms of acute cardiac tamponade?
Cardiac tamponade may occur when blood or fluid collects in the pericardial space and compresses the heart. It is important for nurses to recognise the warning signs as early as possible because, if untreated, cardiac tamponade may lead to severe haemodynamic compromise and cardiac arrest. In the initial post-operative period the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade might include dysrhythmias, decreased voltage on the ECG, hypotension, low cardiac output, raised central venous pressure, restlessness, sudden cessation of mediastinal chest drainage and low urine output. The patient may also feel cool to touch. The central venous pressure (also known as right atrial pressure) is increased owing to the heart being restricted – this distinguishes tamponade from hypovolaemic shock. What are the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)? As with any major surgery there is a risk of death, shock, haemorrhage, wound infection and breakdown, and gastrointestinal disturbances. For patients
