What are the risk factors associated with cholangiocarcinoma?
Recognized causal influences for developing cholangiocarcinoma are: 1. chronic liver fluke infections of the biliary tract, 2. exposure to Thorotrast, and 3. ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, most cases of cholangiocarcinoma arise in the absence of any antecedent recognized risks.
