What are the most likely goals and objectives of excavation?
Your question is far too vague. I can think of lots of very different reasons for excavation prior to or during construction. Excavation of geological test pits – to test the stability and make up of the ground Excavation of foundations – to provide a base for structures Excavation of borrow pits – to extract material for construction Excavation of service trenches – to bury pipes, cables drains etc Excavation of drainage ditches and sumps – to control water flow and make a site dry enough to work on. Excavation of cuttings – to reduce the gradient on roads, railways, canals etc. Try asking the question again and be a bit more specific about what you need to know.