What are the most common known associated factors of avascular necrosis of the hip in adults?
Steroid use and alcohol use account for about 90% of known associated factors of avascular necrosis in the patient population under age 45 years. Other conditions associated with osteonecrosis include myeloproliferative disorders, Gaucher disease, trauma, chronic pancreatitis, Caisson disease, sickle cell and other anemias, and radiation. 18. What is the incidence of bilaterality for osteonecrosis? Literature shows there is an 80% risk of bilateral involvement. One side may be entirely asymptomatic. 19. What are the different methods of evaluating osteonecrosis of the femoral head? Adequate anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs are the first step. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive and specific modality. Computed tomography (CT) scan can be used to assess femoral head collapse. Invasive modalities include direct pressure measurements, venography, and biopsy. Note: Technetium scans have recently been shown to be less sensitive and specific. 20. Why and how is
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